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Risk Factors:

Pregnancy: Contraindicated in pregnancy.Lactation: Contraindicated or not recommended.Contraindications: Antimuscarinics are contra-indicated in Myasthaenia gravis (but may be used to decrease muscarinic side-effects of anticholinesterases) paralyticileus pyloric stenosis toxic megacolon and prostatic enlargement. Coma stupor iodine sensitivity.

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Indications:

Smooth muscle spasm.

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Adverse Effects:

Constipation transient bradycardia (followed by tachycardia palpitation and arrhythmias) reduced bronchial secretions urinary urgency and retention dilatation of the
pupils with loss of accommodation photophobia dly mouth flushing and dryness of the skin. Side-effects that occur occasionally include confusion (particularly in the
elderly) nausea vomiting and giddiness. Very rarely angle-closure glaucoma may occur.

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Don’t Use:

Precautions: Antimuscarinics should be used with caution in Down's syndrome in children and in the elderly; they should also be used with caution in gastro-
esophageal reflux disease diarrhoea ulcerative colitis autonomic neuropathy acute myocardial infarction hypertension conditions characterised by tachycardia
(including hyperthyroidism cardiac insuficiency cardiac surgery) pyrexia and in individuals susceptible to angIe-closure glaucoma.